‘Triple Negative’ breast cancer
What is Triple Negative Breast Cancer?
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer that does not have three common receptors known to fuel most breast cancers. Unlike other breast cancers, TNBC cells lack:
Estrogen receptors (ER)
Progesterone receptors (PR)
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)
Because TNBC doesn’t have these receptors, it does not respond to hormonal therapies like some other breast cancers, and treatment often requires different approaches.
Who is at Risk?
TNBC can affect anyone, but some factors may increase the risk, such as:
Age – TNBC is more common in women under 50.
Ethnicity – African American and Hispanic women have a higher risk.
Genetics – People with BRCA1 gene mutations are more likely to develop TNBC.
How is TNBC Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of TNBC involves:
Breast Examination – Your healthcare provider will examine your breast for lumps or changes.
Mammogram – A type of X-ray that can reveal unusual growths or changes.
Ultrasound or MRI – These imaging tests provide more detailed pictures.
Biopsy – A small tissue sample from the lump is tested to determine the type of breast cancer.
TNBC treatment is often more aggressive than other types of breast cancer due to its unique characteristics. The primary options include:
Surgery
Lumpectomy – Removal of the tumor and a small amount of surrounding tissue.
Mastectomy – Removal of one or both breasts, especially if cancer is more widespread.
Lymph Node Removal – May be recommended if there is evidence the cancer has spread.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is often a cornerstone of TNBC treatment. It may be used before surgery (to shrink the tumour) or after surgery (to prevent recurrence).
Radiation Therapy
Radiation may be recommended after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells in the breast or surrounding areas.
Clinical Trials and Immunotherapy
Some patients may be eligible for clinical trials testing new therapies, such as immunotherapy, which is designed to harness the body’s immune system to target cancer cells.
Managing Life with TNBC
Side Effects of Treatment: TNBC treatments may cause side effects, including fatigue, nausea, hair loss, and mood changes. Speak with your healthcare team for ways to manage these effects.
Follow-up Care: Regular follow-up visits with your healthcare team are essential for managing recovery and monitoring any signs of recurrence. Follow-up care may include imaging tests, physical exams, and blood tests.
Lifestyle Support: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management practices can help you maintain energy and emotional well-being during and after treatment.
Dealing with TNBC can be challenging, but you’re not alone. Here are some resources:
Support Groups – Connecting with others who have TNBC can provide emotional support.
Cancer Support Services – Many hospitals offer services such as counselling, nutrition support, and physical therapy.
You will have a Breast Care Nurse as part of your journey through breast cancer treatment. Their role is to guide you through the maze of appointments and treatments, to be a source of emotional and physical support and your point of contact for questions and concerns now and in the future.
Questions for Your Doctor
What stage is my TNBC, and what does this mean?
What treatment options are best for my situation?
What are the potential side effects of my treatment?
Are there clinical trials that I should consider?
Remember: Every TNBC journey is unique, and your healthcare team is here to guide you through it. With the right support and resources, many people with TNBC lead healthy lives after treatment.